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Calculation of heat losses in heating networks

Above ground laying
(single-pipe sections, separate supply and return pipelines)

№ section	L section m	t water °C	DN mm	Hours of work per year	Laying	Pipeline and laying method
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline

+ More sections

№ section	L section m	t water °C	DN mm	Hours of work per year	Laying	Pipeline and laying method
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline
			15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900	h < 5000 h > 5000	outside inside	steel on movable supports steel on suspended supports non-metallic pipeline

Underground laying
(two-pipe sections)

№ section	L section, m two- pipe	tw °C annual average supply	DN mm	Hours of work per year	Laying	Material pipes	Insulation PU foam
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal

+ More sections

№ section	L section, m two- pipe	tw °C annual average supply	DN mm	Hours of work per year	Laying	Material pipes	Insulation PU foam
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal
			25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800	h < 5000 h > 5000	channel laying channelless	steel non-metal

Calculate

Calculation of heat losses in heating networks based on the methodology given in СНиП 2.04.14 Thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines.

The method of calculating heat losses is suitable for all pipelines covered by СНиП 2.04.14, except for systems with a subzero temperature of the working environment.

The amount of heat loss was calculated based on the normative density of the heat flow through the insulated surface of the pipeline. The methodology uses tabular data of specific heat losses from one meter of pipe, which are given in СНіП. Heat losses for pipe diameters and coolant temperatures not listed in the tables are determined by interpolation and extrapolation methods.

Estimated heat loss through pipelines of the heat network is determined by the formula:

Q = q · l · k · b

q – the specific normative value of heat loss from one meter of the pipe, W/m, at the average temperature of the hot-water and the given number of hours of operation per year, is determined for each of the diameters according to the tabular data СНиП 2.04.14;

k – the coefficient that takes into account additional heat losses from pipeline supports and shut-off valves is taken according to tabular data;

b – he coefficient that takes into account the change in heat flow density through the thermal insulation layer made of polyurethane foam (PU foam) is determined by СНіП 2.04.14;

l – length of the pipeline section, m.

The temperature of the hot-water to calculate heat losses in heat networks should be taken:

• the average temperature of the hot-water for the year — for continuously operating networks;
• the average temperature of the hot-water during the period with the average daily temperature of the outside air is lower 8°С — for heat networks operating only during the heating period.

Calculated temperatures in two-pipe water heating networks with quality regulation depending on Temperature curve of the heating system:

In heat networks with quantitative regulation, when calculating heat losses, the maximum temperature in the supply pipeline is used, and in the return 50°C.

This calculation does not reflect the actual heat loss through the pipelines, but only determines the normative value, which should not be exceeded, if the thickness of the thermal insulation was selected in accordance with the specified СНіП.

Calculation of actual heat losses from pipes

Sample calculation of heat losses in the heat network

District heating substations

Substations of centralized hot water supply

Temperature curve of the heating system

Data verification heat meter

Calculation of the throttle diaphragm

Calculation of the temperature of a mix of several flows

Calculation of the diameter of the distribution manifold

Calculation of thermal expansion of pipelines

Calculation of the U-shaped compensator

Calculation of the L-shaped compensator

Calculation of the Z-shaped compensator

Calculation of the Axial compensator

Calculation of the pressure drop in the pipe

Calculation of pipe diameter by flow

Calculation of the distance between pipe supports

Normative heat losses from pipelines of the heat network

Calculation of heat losses from pipelines

What is cheaper to heat? gas, firewood, coal, electricity

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